There has been significant progress made in the field of nanopore biosensor development and sequencing applications, which address previous limitations that restricted widespread nanopore use. The present article is an overview of the principle and the sequencing chemistry of these high throughput sequencing technologies along with brief comparison of various types of sequencing platforms available. The platforms available for the third generation sequencing are Helicos™ Genetic Analysis System by SeqLL, LLC, SMRT Sequencing by Pacific Biosciences, Nanopore sequencing by Oxford Nanopore’s, Complete Genomics by Beijing Genomics Institute and GnuBIO by BioRad, to name few. GS FLX by 454 Life Sciences/Roche diagnostics, Genome Analyzer, HiSeq, MiSeq and NextSeq by Illumina, Inc., SOLiD by ABI, Ion Torrent by Life Technologies are various type of the sequencing platforms available for second generation sequencing.
Second and third generation sequencing technologies referred commonly to as next generation sequencing technology, has evolved significantly with increase in sequencing speed, decrease in sequencing cost, since its inception in 2004. From 1977 to 2016 three generation of the sequencing technologies of various types have been developed. In the present century sequencing is to the DNA science, what gel electrophoresis was to it in the last century.
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